Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced

The market for GPS navigation is rapidly gaining momentum. And if until recently it was only a few companies able to produce such devices, but now the situation has changed radically. On the shelves there are more browsers as world famous brands, as well as lesser known, but adapted to the realities of the domestic market. One such device is a Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced from the new product line of Pocket Navigator MakTsentr. This is a relatively new trend, because previously most navigation devices under the brand name Pocket Navigator were produced on the basis of conventional PDA, if necessary, additional manning the GPS-receivers and the necessary software. The new line is, the main place is occupied by a device designed specifically for car navigation. So, we proceed to review.

Box appearance, a complete set.

Opening the box of impressive size, we find inside the standard for such devices set: navigator, two chargers (car and Networking), the holder of a car and a neoprene case.
Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced
Let us dwell on the holder. It has a structure typical of most universal mount. Yes, it is universal. This solution entails both positive aspects and negative. On the one hand, it can be used not only for the navigator, as such, it is for the phone. After navigator need not every day, but the phone constantly. On the other hand, the flexible design is not strong enough for the device weighs 280 grams. When driving on rough roads PN-4000 starts to wobble, in this case, visually track the given route becomes difficult. However, serious shortcomings are currently not applicable in the process of driving almost do not have to stare at the map on the screen, in most cases, voice prompts.
Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced
Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced
The remaining components supplied does not differ outstanding, everything is standard.
Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced
Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced
We proceed to design. Most of the front panel, as in most such devices is the touch screen. Its resolution is 480x272 points, and the diagonal is equal to 4. To his left is 4-way joystick, and performed it in a rather unusual style, and looks more like a speaker than the control. The right of the screen is the Five-way key. The presence of two controls at first seems strange, especially considering the fact that in most cases they overlap. Everything falls into place when you start the navigation program AUTOSPUTNIK in which buttons perform different actions.Joystick is responsible for the displacement maps and navigation button switches the day / night, includes quick search facilities and scheduling of routes, and changes the display mode maps with normal viewing mode to the motion.
Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced
Above the display are four buttons: "Exit", "brightness", "volume", "settings". To the right, over the five-way button are swing «Zoom», with which you can zoom the map, or adjust brightness and volume. On the top of the device are two buttons: «power» and «hold». The bottom is fitted with two connectors - Mini USB and system, the latter is used to connect a UPI-module attachment to download information about traffic jams.
Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced
On the right side of the device is a connector for the charger, on the left - 3,5 mm headphone jack.
Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced
Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced
Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced

Interface

PN4000 is based on Samsung S3C2440 processor clocked at 400MHz. Built-in memory is divided into two areas: flash memory (128MB) and ROM / RAM memory (64MB), the latter is regulated, familiar to users of Windows Mobile 2003, the slider. With it you can increase or decrease the amount of RAM from ROM. Also in the unit supports cards format SD. The operating system uses open Windows CE 5.0. That is, it entails downloading third party applications.
Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced
Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced
Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced
Simple graphical frontend. The main menu is four items: "Programs", "player", "Game / Photo", "Settings".
Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced
The first contains three items: "AVTOSPUTNIK - navigation program," Explorer "- a file manager and Games: Sudoku and Chess.
Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced
In the "Player" is a multimedia player.
Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced
In the menu "Games / Photo" are two simple games and software for viewing images.
Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced
In "settings" you can: set time, change the brightness, see the exact battery and system information, to calibrate the display and set a background image, change the volume of system sounds and multimedia, as well as do a full reset the device.
Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced
We should also note that all menus are traced in such a way that the control with your fingers does not cause any problems.

Navigation

At the heart of the navigation component is PN4000, which became the standard for such devices, GPS-chipset SiRFstarIII. Virtually all navigators, equipped with this module, have similar characteristics starts. Our subject is almost not stand out: "Cold" - 2 minutes 31 seconds, "hot start - 3-5 seconds. However, it is worth noting that from time to time - 1-2 times a week, the device starts much slower than the above figures. The longest lift-off lasted 24 minutes 16 seconds. Explanation of this "meditation" we did not find. But the problem is solved elementarily - on the rear surface of the device is a button reset. After rebooting the machine starts to work in standard mode. Reception quality, as with all SiRFstar III navigators, beyond praise. The only place where reception from satellites is not possible, are the tunnels and underground parking. As a navigation application using the Russian program "AVTOSPUTNIK", which is a logical continuation of the project PocketGPS. She was already familiar to us from devices such as Glofiish X500/700. The program is completely Russified, and all the menus, settings and search adapted for use without a stylus, that is the size of icons correspond to the finger pad.
Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced
Autosputnik: Day mode
Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced
Autosputnik: Night mode
Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced
Autosputnik: main menu
Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced
Autosputnik: context menu
Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced
Autosputnik: Object Search
Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced
Autosputnik: Keyboard
As a cartographic base maps used by the European TeleAtlas. At this stage, one of the best suppliers of cards, whose services are used by leaders of the navigation software like TomTom or iGO. However, there have TeleAtlas and cons, pay renewal cards, and insufficiently detailed coverage regions. That is, if you want to update the map on a date, you will have to pay for this procedure. "AVTOSPUTNIK" has two modes of map display - normal (top) and "pseudo» 3D. If you are using the latest image on the screen as appropriate to the type of the steering wheel. 2D view is useful when using the program as a regular card. And 3D is simply indispensable when driving a car. Speed ​​drawing cards mean, does not cause discomfort. Recalculate the route if you deviate from the set previously performed for 3-10 seconds, depending on complexity.
Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced
In addition to standard features, typical for any navigation software, such as: construction of a route from one point to another, voice prompts, finding objects of interest (POI), the preservation of coordinates, "AVTOSPUTNIK" allows you to upload information about traffic jams and take it into account when a route. As a provider of traffic information used by news agency SMIlink. It is also worth noting that in the forums of the program - www.autosputnik.com there is a section in which users of the program indicate inaccuracies in the maps, in consequence, they are checked and accounted for in the preparation of updates. This enabled users can not boast of every navigation program. PN4000 supports upgrading the navigation software. To do this you must download the latest version on the SD card and insert into the device.

Multimedia features

Additional features include a separate paragraph PN4000 selected player.This program is designed for viewing and listening to various multimedia files. To test videos were taken five standard rolls of different resolution and bitrate. Reproduced, only two - 320h176 256 kbit / s and 320x240 512Kbit/sek, two (640h352 1024Kbit/sek 1500Kbit/sek and 640x480) player is marked with a red and refused to lose. Same video, which has characteristics 160h216 192 kbit / s, and did caused the closure of the program with an error. This stems from the apparently exotic resolution video.
Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced
As a result of the test can be said that the player is very picky about the resolution and bitrate. It is therefore logical to view the video clips to use pre-prepared with low resolution and bit rate, or choose the player. For example, the same TCPMP without any problem installed on the PN-4000 and allows you to use all the features. By the way TCPMP coped with playing all the commercials, and naturally we had measured the playback speed of rollers, the results can be found in the table.
Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced
Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced
As seen from the comparison, the video capabilities PN-4000 are at a fairly high level. Navigator does not yield the usual PDA with similar characteristics. With your music player handles well, here gripes with no built-in player. The only negative aspect is not very easy system to work with playlists. However, after studying the manual, this problem disappears.
Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced
Also among the more applications we find a program for viewing images. It has a fairly modest set of features, among them - the output image on the screen and a slide show. The latter can even set the time of viewing each image. At this function the program for viewing end.
Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced
In addition to multimedia programs, PN4000 has multiple games that can entertain the user while parked, list them: «3D Game" - a simple "letalka" with the enigmatic running, and the main mission to "kill all".
Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced
"Mahjong" - logic card game in which we were particularly touched by the presence of a "possible" games over the Internet.
Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced
Sudoku - another puzzle with simple and intuitive control. The only disadvantage is the lack of any reference or rules of the game.However, nothing complicated about the game is not for a couple of minutes you can understand yourself.
Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced
Well, the last game - Chess with the ability to set the difficulty of the game.
Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced
As we have said, among installed programs, you can install other compatible operating system. For example, the famous explorer works fine reader Haali Reader. With his help, turned out to be very comfortable while away the time in traffic jams. A huge screen and set the settings of the text allow us to make this process comfortable even while driving.
Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced

Hours

With daily use for 2-3 hours (the road to work and back) PN4000 worked for 3 days, while we used the maximum backlight and speaker volume. While viewing a video, under the same conditions the volume and backlight unit lasted 3 hours 40 minutes. These results are not surprising, given the capacity of the built-in Li-ion battery, it is 2000 mAh. In a more benign settings navigator can work out in 1,5 - 2 times longer.

Impressions

The unit left a very mixed impression. On the one hand, we see in front of a modern multi-function device is not the most successful implementation of the multimedia part. On the other hand PN4000, first of all, GPS navigator. Moreover, the main functional component is implemented with high quality and thoughtfully. However, given free access to operating system resources, multimedia components can be upgraded with the help of third party software. Moreover, we can not only improve the multimedia capabilities, but also add new, such as in our case to establish reading room. In the end, in front of us is a serious device with superior performance, rather high levels of ergonomics and the possibility of further upgrading through third-party programs.
Pocket Navigator PN-4000 Advanced
The authors, translation:

12 Tee volt car adapter for Casio Cassiopeia A-20, E-15, E-1xx

The original is here. I have it translated, slightly modified and added their links and comments. First of all, the question arises: "What is it?" . Very simple. When using GPS, and playing MP3 files, it is desirable to connect the PDA to the onboard network, since the duration of the trip the battery may not be enough. Thus, in the car's cigarette lighter have a 12V (16A max). For Casio, we need to get 5V. The adapter is made on the basis of standard passive voltage regulator 7805 (PDF), the approximate cost of $ 0.35 in Moscow. You can use the domestic analogue - KR142EN5A (in common "KREN5A). Additionally, we need: an adapter for the cigarette lighter (the most expensive part of this set), a radiator for the stabilizer, the plastic box for mounting plug for connecting to Casio (power plug 4.0mmx1.7mm), fuse 2A, wires, insulating tubes.
12 Tee volt car adapter for Casio Cassiopeia A-20, E-15, E-1xx
12 Tee volt car adapter for Casio Cassiopeia A-20, E-15, E-1xx
Standard wiring diagram is shown in Figure 1.
12 Tee volt car adapter for Casio Cassiopeia A-20, E-15, E-1xx
Figure 1
For the insurance of "fool" in the input circuit can be added to fuse 2A (the original was used for the cigarette lighter adapter with built-in fuse 2A).
12 Tee volt car adapter for Casio Cassiopeia A-20, E-15, E-1xx
Figure 2
In the above article, the adapter is going to a simplified scheme, without smoothing capacitors (see Figure 3).
12 Tee volt car adapter for Casio Cassiopeia A-20, E-15, E-1xx
Fig.3
Connect the negative (external) output cigarette lighter adapter to the central (3) concluded 7805. Good (internal) output fluster found input (1) (for reliability it is desirable to use a fuse 2A and condenser). Negative (external) output connectors for Casio just fluster the central (3) concluded 7805. Good (internal) output fluster concluded output (2) (preferably using the capacitor). All carefully isolate. Stabilizer screws to a suitable heat sink (for better heat transfer using thermal paste).For better cooling radiator is necessary to take more!
12 Tee volt car adapter for Casio Cassiopeia A-20, E-15, E-1xx
12 Tee volt car adapter for Casio Cassiopeia A-20, E-15, E-1xx
All farming is going in a plastic box of suitable size (eg, a bar of soap). For better cooling box more desirable. If, after the assembly of the stabilizer is strongly heated, the plastic box you can drill a hole, but it is better to take the radiator with a larger area of ​​dispersal! Now you need to check the correctness of the assembly, connect the adapter to the cigarette lighter to check the output voltage and polarity. WARNING! Before you connect the Casio, do not forget to check the polarity and the voltage at the output of the adapter! All adapter is ready!
12 Tee volt car adapter for Casio Cassiopeia A-20, E-15, E-1xx
During operation, the stabilizer is extremely hot. It becomes very hot when charging the battery. Batteries of this adapter charges a little longer, as the charge current is less than the regular power supply. If the current exceeds 1A or stabilizer overheats, it automatically locks. Stabilizer automatically restarts! If the lamp is lit Casio charge for too long - you need a larger radiator! Almost immediately after the publication of the above material, I received a letter from Oleg Maltsev: I did for the E11 power supply for 7805, just before her stands a bridge and three Conder. This thing is powered by anything (car, battery pack, transformer, power supply from the modem, etc. ...), does not require polarity, is placed in the cradle and operated for over 6 months. There. I naturally became interested and asked Oleg to describe the device in more detail. He sent me an interesting stuff that you and I propose.

Nutrition PPC / HPC "CASSIOPEIA" from "an improvised (pasture) source

Actually it all started from the fact that I do not have a power supply for Kaskiv E11 ... When I have are dead, ordinary 30R. as AAA batteries I started looking for an alternative to them. For the pocket - the mobile variant of an alternative is not found, but for desktop-Ammunition - here it is: I took a voltage regulator 7805, pinned him three "Conder" hung "bridge" connected to the power supply from the modem - like working. The bridge took a big (KTS402) - 7805 to strengthen him more comfortable (one screw strung) and in general it is a supporting structure for the entire circuit. Possible between the bridge and the stabilizer clamp the metal plate for heat dissipation. You can take a low profile bridge, you can add Conder (before the bridge after the bridge), you can turn down ... For a complete happiness can put the fuse before the bridge and powerful diode (6-8 volts) after the regulator (to be extra protection). All of this farm was placed in Kaskinom cradle. If Kaskiv feed from a car battery or battery pack, there is no need to think where the plus power supply ... Sticks and go. Use the product 6 months - all OK. Slightly heated (normally) without a heatsink. Well that's all.Additionally, Oleg sent by the scheme and photograph the device:
12 Tee volt car adapter for Casio Cassiopeia A-20, E-15, E-1xx
12 Tee volt car adapter for Casio Cassiopeia A-20, E-15, E-1xx
  1. Interface board cradle
  2. Input capacitor
  3. Stabilizer 7805
  4. Diode bridge KTS402
  5. Credle
  6. Output capacitor
  7. Sync cable
  8. Connector for power supply. Oleg used the "mom" to connect the modem power supply.
Sources, Materials:

Keyboard LEOSync QuickPAD

Introduction

Long wanted to test the keyboard, which can be connected to the PDA. And now, thanks to the site and the company HPCru MakTsentr, such an opportunity! I was holding LEOSync QuickPAD.

Completion

In plain white OEM box I found: - camu keyboard - Quick Start Guide - a floppy disk with drivers v.1.0. Just want to say that LEO Systems, Inc. is not the manufacturer of this product. OEM manufacturer of this keyboard is DATACOMP ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. Furthermore LEO Systems, Inc. This keyboard sells more, for example, iBIZ Technology. So, what is of itself, this keyboard?
  • Weight (300 g), size (260X120X30 mm).
  • Polnofunktsionalnaya keyboard with 62 keys and ergonomic design.
  • 6 programmable hot keys.
  • Meals: 3xAAA alkaline batteries.
  • Hours: 400 hours in a print mode / 1200 hours standby.
  • Has a Serial Port for connection to the PDA.
  • Made using mechanical switches Cherry. Without the "clique".
Keyboard LEOSync QuickPAD
Keyboard LEOSync QuickPAD
Keyboard LEOSync QuickPAD
The pictures show views from the top, bottom, right. Numerals indicate:
  1. Serial port
  2. Soft keys F1-F6
  3. Fn key and the Option, are used for programming F1-F6. Option still works as a Start button in Windows CE.
  4. The battery compartment (3xAAA)
  5. Power Switch

Testing

From the keyboard of the software for Windows CE and PALM. I immediately ran into a problem. "Claudia" was equipped with software-Trial: (! 15 minutes of work and restart the program. I contacted customer support and they sent me a normal software for PALM, and for Windows CE is not sent, I sent a second letter asking to send me a normal software, and they began to demand money for it! Here's the text of the letter: Dear Mr. Andrej: According to my knowledge, the WinCE software does come with the package instead of the trial version. I don't know what happened with your case, still that we can give you the price quote if you would like to purchase from us!! It became clear that I have, perhaps, an error occurred while packaging and keyboard was equipped with "wrong" software. However, they tied me to the official distributor of LEO in Russia - company Mosk. That's when me and helped:). I tested this keyboard on multiple platforms: Windows CE (Casio A-20, Casio E-100), Palm, Psion. On all devices keyboard works! The keys F1-F6 can be programmed input sequences up to 30 characters (without software) and challenge programs (with the use of proprietary software, only under Windows CE). Well, now, first things first ...

Windows CE

Began testing for Casio Cassiopeia A-20. Put program. All of them worked. The program is an opportunity to set hot keys, temporarily disable the external keyboard. In this case, the keyboard CASIO, of course, is not disabled. With the Russian ... WORKS! You can enter easily in Russian! Just switch the keyboard layout you need using the built-in keyboard. Tested with Paragon LE and RussKey.
Keyboard LEOSync QuickPAD
Keyboard LEOSync QuickPAD
Then tried to use the program NewtonKey. With this keyboard driver also worked and it was possible to enter Russian letters! The only drawback - the inability to program the hot keys, well, well ...
Keyboard LEOSync QuickPAD
Inspired by the first successful experience, I took the test keyboard CASIO E-100. The keyboard works, but typing was possible only in English! No tricks have not helped! Need to rewrite the keyboard driver.

Palm

For PALM company, which manufactures the keyboard, did not bother and supplied its products freeware program KeyZ 1.0.4. There is a regular version and a version for Hackmaster. What can I say? You can print in English. For the Russian press have to rewrite the program.

Psion

The firm LEO Systems, Inc. did not plan their product for use with the PSION. So there are no alternatives, and to use Newton Keyboard driver for PSION device. It supports all devices running EPOC.
Keyboard LEOSync QuickPAD
Well, I think, with bezklaviaturnymi devaysa all clear! And here at PSION "clave" is, maybe in Russian will print? Okay, put the program. Began testing. Similar result. For the Russian press have to rewrite the keyboard driver.

Conclusion

What can I say? Keyboard itself - quite a decent product. Easy, neat, compact. The software allows you to type in Russian only on Windows CE HPC, HPC / PRO. On all other PDA printing is available only in English! To overcome this limitation have to rewrite the keyboard driver.

Dignity

The ability to print documents on a normal, full-size keyboard.

Shortcomings

Can not print in Russian for Windows CE PsPC, PILOT, PSION. The high price (around $ 80). Keyboard LEOSync QuickPAD courtesy of MakTsentr. The authors, translation:

Connecting a PS / 2 keyboard to the PDA

Using an external full size keyboard when working with a PDA (especially bezklaviaturnym) is a very attractive possibility. For this purpose we can use, for example, LEOSync QuickPAD or Newton Keyboard. But these solutions are too expensive, and carry a keyboard too hard. That's a thought about using a standard keyboard for the IBM PC AT (this stuff everywhere abound). I propose to convert PS / 2 keyboard -> RS232.

Copyright

All rights to the diagram and text of the program belong Olaf Kaluza. All rights to this text belong to Andrei Knyazev (DOOMka). Allowed to use them for personal purposes, for my own pleasure. Undesirable to copy this page and the translation into other languages ​​without permission. Undesirable to copy a CD-ROM or other dissemination of information from this page. If someone's in trouble or break PDA - it's entirely your own problem.

Introduction. The principle of operation. Scheme.

I've been wanting to make such a device. Thoroughly searching the Internet, I came across a page Olaf Kaluza Connection PC AT keyboard to PalmPilot (in Russian, original in German). Here's what you need! However, in the original scheme is an inaccuracy in the numbering of the findings DIN keyboard connector, and I needed to connect a PS / 2 keyboard. So, I changed a little scheme. In addition, to get exactly the items I could not, therefore, in my scheme shows slightly different values. So here's the scheme:
Connecting a PS / 2 keyboard to the PDA
For printing, it is better to use the scheme in PDF. The scheme using a microcontroller ATMEL AT89C2051 (AT89C2051 PDF, AT89 Series PDF) and is extremely simple. To connect the keyboard uses two signal DATA and CLOCK (for details, see Interfacing the PC AT Keyboard). SCAN codes generated by the keyboard are converted to ASCII characters using the program recorded in the microcontroller U1. The inversion of the signal is achieved by transistor Q1. Chain of C3, R3 is used for Power-On Reset (reset / initialization at power). Circuit C1, C2, Y1 - the clock generator of the microcontroller. It is important that the quartz frequency was 24 MHz, because the program is written in a calculation on it! The scheme is not critical to the component values, transistor inverter - ANY low-power NPN transistor (Olaf used BC547). To power the keyboard and the controller must be 5 volts, but it is possible to use lithium-based battery of sufficient capacity. In my design uses a lithium battery with a capacity of 1.2 A / h, located directly on the circuit board.

Manufacturer

Naturally, you need to start with a complete set. I bought a "Chip and Dip" MPU ATMEL AT89C2051-24PI for 67 rubles and a block with 20 pins him for 1.60 rubles. Susekam digging in, I found a transistor, capacitors, resistors, switch and battery. All connectors and quartz at 24MHz, I vypayal of faulty circuit boards. PCB was reluctant to do so installation was on the board to simulate circuits. All farm stuffed into a bar of soap for 8.26 rubles.Here's what happened:
Connecting a PS / 2 keyboard to the PDA
Connecting a PS / 2 keyboard to the PDA
Connecting a PS / 2 keyboard to the PDA
Connecting a PS / 2 keyboard to the PDA
Connecting a PS / 2 keyboard to the PDA
Connecting a PS / 2 keyboard to the PDA
It only remained to program the microcontroller. Programmers are expensive, the cheapest I found was worth $ 95! I made a deal in the company CTC-MK microcontroller programmed for 20 rubles:)! For this purpose it was necessary to come to the office of the firm and to bring chip and software on diskette. For firmware needed to use the BIN file from palmtasta2.zip. Everything!

Jobs

With proper installation of the scheme should work immediately and requires no setup! Input area (cultivated converter keys) inside the highlighted area in the photo.
Connecting a PS / 2 keyboard to the PDA
Not processed Ess, F1-F12 and other special keys (Start, etc.). Signal processing keyboard coming to the RS232 using a program (driver) to connect the Newton keyboard, specific for each type of PDA. For Palm, you can use KeyZ. For this PSION Newton Keyboard driver for PSION device. For Windows CE - NewtonKey. All programs are FREEWARE! No problem, you can enter Russian text in Windows CE HPC and HPC / Pro PDA (for more detailed information, see Keyboard LEOSync QuickPAD).

Conclusion. Conclusions

So, for an amount of about 300 rubles (plus, of course, the cost of the keyboard), we obtained an external full size keyboard worth $ 60-80. Very good! Expand the capabilities of this keyboard can be achieved by improving the code of the microcontroller (not bad to introduce support for Esc, F1-F12 keys, and Start). Take any comments, suggestions and additions. The only request! Do not ask: "Why am I not running the scheme?". Take it AS IS (as it is)! Updates, errors, additions will be posted on the page Keyboard Project. The authors, translation:

Semiconductor memory on the march

Where does the light when you turn off a light bulb? If we reject the philosophy, the answer is: no matter where he was going away, it simply does not exist anymore. The same can be said about most types of memory: when the power of its content is lost. Although it was previously necessary non-volatile memory retains its contents without power, is now a need to increase as people's desire to invent a more simple ways to store and transmit information between computers, hand-held "electronic secretaries, digital cameras and multimedia devices. New technologies allow us to make such a memory device smaller, lighter, high-speed and cheaper than ever before.
Semiconductor memory on the march
All the new memory device based on technology CompactFlash, DataFlash, SmartMedia and Memory Stick from Sony is based on Rom. If memory (RAM) - a random-access memory, the ROM (ROM) - read-only memory. The title reflects one of its properties - you can not change the stored information in it. Another important feature that distinguishes ROM from RAM, is that in order to save the contents of ROM does not require power. In memory storage elements which serve to store, consume a small current to maintain its state (enabled or disabled), and ROM status of these elements is fixed and can not be changed. That's why sometimes called ROM indelible nonvolatile memory: its content remains unchanged when the power is off. Initially, the information in the ROM should have been "written" directly on the chip in the manufacturing process for application of the masking layer, becoming its constant part, as well as in CD-ROM CD-ROM. This technology requires a fairly high cost, and in addition, such information can not be replaced, even a slight change of data stored on the chip was leaving a lot of time and money.
Semiconductor memory on the march
A more flexible approach was implemented with the creation of programmable ROM (PROM - PROM), similar to CD write-once (CD-R). In the manufacture of these chips require more voltage for writing data than recording them in memory. At higher voltages the data are burned in different areas of memory on the chip. Recorded data thus can not be changed, but the process of making crystals with different contents is fairly simple. Then came the turn of erasable (programmable) EPROM (erasable read-only memory - EPROM), similar to CD-RW discs (CD-WR). It already has the ability to record information in memory, but if you want to make changes, will erase all data on the crystal and repeat the recording process again. The next important step was the creation of electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM - EEPROM), working like a PROM, but have a major advantage: erasing the information in it is simple supply signal with a higher (compared to normal) stress. The result is a ROM whose contents can be changed directly in the process. It is used to store various data on the programs BIOS (Basic Input / Output System) settings to configure the printer.

A gift of fate?

All this brings us to the currently applicable in the flash memory (sometimes called flash ROM or flash RAM). Flash memory on a plan remains very close to the EEPROM, but it has one key advantage: for it does not require a higher voltage than is used in computers or digital cameras (usually from 3 to 5).
Semiconductor memory on the march
As with all ROM erasure of information in the flash memory cycles write / erase limited. In the early models of these devices allow the execution of only a few tens of thousands of write cycles, but some new developments are suitable for execution of millions of cycles or more. Flash memory has become the main type of memory for the BIOS, used in computers and modems, because it makes it very easy to perform upgrades of these devices. You simply download the file from the Web-site of the manufacturer, and then run a utility that erases the previous contents of memory, and makes it new information. You can also perform writing and erasing information only on selected sections of the crystal, so that some of this memory can be protected, while others undergo changes. This provides the opportunity to reboot the system if in the process of modification of mistakes were made.
Semiconductor memory on the march
These features of flash memory make it extremely attractive for applications in portable equipment such as hand-held "electronic secretary" and digital cameras, in which users would like to change some of the data, leaving the rest unchanged. Some portable devices as a replacement set of memory standard 3.5-inch floppy disk, but it is a mechanical device memory is large, with limited capacity, and consumption of energy is quite large (which reduces battery life). For comparison: the device Memory Stick from Sony has a high speed, consumes significantly less power and can store up to 32 megabytes of information (more than 20 floppy disks). There is another approach in which a miniature hard drive is placed in the housing PC Card (PCMCIA). Although this method allows you to store large amounts of data (from 500 MB to 1 GB) at a lower cost per 1 MB, it requires a slot Type III (the equivalent of two jacks Type II) and in an active state is a memory device consumes approximately ten times more power than flash memory. Flash memory has several advantages compared to these mechanical magnetic storage devices. It can be manufactured in much smaller volume of the shell and consumes much less power. In addition, in this semiconductor memory no moving parts that can be easily damaged. This design makes the flash memory more resistant to possible careless handling when working with portable devices. Board flash memory can serve as a removable storage media for portable devices. However, a more difficult problem is data transfer to a regular computer. A common solution to this problem is to create a reader PC Card, who is connected to the input board flash memory, and output connector is inserted into a standard slot PC Card Type II. For desktop computers without PC Card slots, there are readers that connect to parallel, SCSI-and USB-port. Some readers even allow you to use memory cards of different formats. The disadvantage is the lack of a unified standard for the implementation of flash memory for portable devices. If you have two portable devices, then they can use cards of different types. Several different designs boards currently competing for the right to become the standard. DataFlash. This method involves placing a flash memory card PC Card Type II, which facilitates the exchange of information between any devices with connectors Type II. To simplify the use of such memory cards for desktop computers, they perceived the system as a standard hard disk drive IDE.However, compared to the small size of many digital cameras and handheld devices the PC Card still quite large. Therefore, DataFlash cards are generally used in large professional digital cameras, where their size does not play a big role. SmartMedia. This fee is a small format, also known as the SSFDC (Solid State Floppy Disk Card, board semiconductor floppy disk), has a size of about 43x38 mm - less than half the usual business card - and the thickness of wafers, ie, only 0.77 mm . For cards in this format, there are several different adapters, including the adapter PC Card, installed in the slot PC Card. You can also use the floppy disk adapter for SmartMedia, allowing the computer to read data from the device to read from a floppy disk in the absence of slots PC Card. CompactFlash. These boards have about the same size as SmartMedia, but they are slightly thicker, about 3.3 mm. This is partly explained by the fact that they are circuits of the memory controller with a standard interface IDE. As a result, manufacturing cost rises, and with less memory, CompactFlash card is more expensive than SmartMedia. However, when the amount of memory of 16 MB and above the cost of these two cards is roughly the same. Because the CompactFlash card contains its own controller, the costs of making readers and adapters are much lower than that reflected in market prices. Thus, the PC Card adapter for SmartMedia usually costs about $ 80, and the price of an adapter for CompactFlash card is only $ 15 Memory Stick. This new device developed by Sony. With dimensions of 21,6 x50, 8 mm and a thickness of 2.8 mm, it looks like a small plate of chewing gum. For boards such format from Sony releases the adapter PC Card, and an adapter that plugs into the parallel port. Indelible-volatile memory has come a long way from the BIOS ROM chip for the first computer company IBM. Advantages of advanced flash memory, allowing both read and write, not limited by the fact that a surprisingly small and rugged, you can put a lot of megabytes of data. In addition, it allows you to quickly and easily transfer large amounts of information between different devices.
Types of Flash Memory
Format Size

GoVox digital voice recorder for Palm III

One of the things that do not have enough Palm platform is the lack of a voice recorder. GoVox solves this problem with minimal increase in weight and size. How Does it Work?
GoVox digital voice recorder for Palm III
GoVox replaces the conventional plastic cover from the Palm III (IIIx, etc.) and has built a very thin, digital voice recorder. Built-in microphone, in my opinion, is quite sufficient for this purpose sensitivity. Built-in speaker loud enough. The truth is not possible to adjust the volume, but it almost is not required. Controlled by a standard tape recorder for the buttons (start, record, rewind, etc.) so you spend time on development to occur. To start recording just press "record". Press it again and recording stops. You can write as much as memory allows (8 minutes, or 99 records). This device is not in my possession for a long time and I was not able to score all 8 minutes. But I managed to make multiple entries. I think this should be sufficient.

Disadvantages:

One of the challenges I faced was that GoVox not tell how many posts written. He does not have an indicator showing which of the 99 recordings you are listening to. It seems that this additional feature can increase the size of the device, and not such a big disadvantage. So, this thing makes it easy to record / play messages, and also reduces the amount of things that come with a carry. I liked it. If I'm going on a journey - always fasten GoVox to record their ideas.

Strengths:

1) Ease of use. 2) Adds much needed functionality to the Palm-y.

Disadvantages:

1) When wearing, my PalmIII not fit in the standard case. 2) There is no indication of the record number. Price - $ 54.95 on March 9, 2000.

Review of Xircom SpringPort 56K Modem GlobalACCESS

Xircom SpringPort Modem GlobalACCESS-56 is the best choice for owners of Handspring Visor, who are looking for an inexpensive way to connect your device to the Internet.
Review of Xircom SpringPort 56K Modem GlobalACCESS
This is a standard modem is made ​​of black plastic on top of the shell are two lights that show connection status. Xircom company has made ​​a very smart move: use a standard modem phone jack (do not have to worry all the time, no matter how lost plug connectors for PCMCIA-modem ). In addition, next to the phone jack is for GSM-cable that supports standard GSM 900/1800/1900 (cable is available separately). In the modem is somewhere half a megabyte RAM, containing the program and AvantGo MultiMail Pro II, which is installed automatically when you connect the module to the Visor. Individual settings and information stored on the Visor and disconnecting SpringPort. To the modem attached utility called File Mover, which allows you to save or delete files from the RAM module (available about 188 KB of free memory).
Review of Xircom SpringPort 56K Modem GlobalACCESS
Review of Xircom SpringPort 56K Modem GlobalACCESS
The device operates from 3 AAA batteries. I have worked extensively with the device for two days: check email, visited websites available for the Palm - the batteries are not very flat. They are located in a removable battery compartment, but I see no reason to shoot this compartment, especially since the Visor with the connected modem still does not fit in a leather case. Perhaps, more spacious and flexible cover is quite acceptable to both. In general, if the compartment disconnect when the modem is not necessary - the device will be much lighter and more compact. But even if it is done, the module will still exceed the housing Pocket PC.
Review of Xircom SpringPort 56K Modem GlobalACCESS
Review of Xircom SpringPort 56K Modem GlobalACCESS
In conclusion, very pleased with the device. The modem worked flawlessly and never had any problems with the interruption of communication. Modem weighs very little and, in my opinion, to use a Visor module connected SpringPort very convenient also because it may extend the CCP

Pros:

- Small size - e-mail program and browser are attached

Cons:

- Removable battery compartment can bring some inconvenience Sources, Materials: